MEDICAL ARTICLES

General Topic

Be Wary of Sargenti Root Canal Treatment, Barrett, Stephen, MD., Dental Watch, Nov. 2007 What is a Root canal, and Why Would Anyone Want One? Spiller, Martin, DMD, updated March 2008. AAE Position Statement concerning paraformaldehyde-containing endodontic filling materials and sealers, 1998.  Still in place today.

Sargenti Related Medical Studies and Publications From Throughout the World. CANADA | DENMARK | FRANCE | GERMANY | JAPAN | ITALY | KOREA | NETHERLANDS | NORWAY | SINGAPORE | SWEDEN | TURKEY | INDONESIA | ISRAEL | US

Country Paraformaldehyde Article Resaerch Title, Source and Link to Abstract Canada Unconventional Dentistry: Part I. Introduction, Burton H Goldstein, DMD, MS, FRCD(C), Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 2000; 66:323-6.Table 1 Classification of unconventional dental practices - IV Biologically Based Dental Therapies, Pharmacological, biological and instrumental interventions (e.g., Sargenti root canal treatment (N2); mandibular repositioning, orthodontic treatment, electromyography, jaw tracking, thermography or sonography for TMD; neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO); urine therapy for toothache; “natural,” herbal, homeopathic, or synthetic dental products) Denmark Endodontic malpractice claims in Denmark 1995-2004, Bjørndal L, Reit C, Int Endod J. 2008 Sep 22. Reasons for endodontic malpractice verdicts were related to root filling quality, the use of a paraformaldehyde product and instrument fracture. Denmark Formaldehyde, which may be released from dental materials such as dental composites, glassionomer cements, and endodontic sealers, was used as test chemical.... Under identical experimental conditions, human target tissue cells appeared to be more sensitive to formaldehyde toxicity than human HeLa cancer cells. H. Lovschall. M. Eiskjaer and D. Arenholt-Bindslev, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry, and Endodontics, Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Toxicology in Vitro Volume 16, Issue 1, February 2002, Pages 63-69 France Anaphylactic reactions to formaldehyde in root canal sealant after endodontic treatment: four cases of anaphylactic shock and three of generalized urticaria [rash]. J J Braun, H Zana, A Purohit, J Valfrey, Ph Scherer, Y Haïkel, F de Blay, G Pauli, Allergy. 2003 Nov ;58 (11):1210-5 14616148. Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Lyautey, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, BP 42, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France France IgE allergy due to formaldehyde paste during endodontic treatment. Apropos of 4 cases: 2 with anaphylactic shock and 2 with generalized urticaria, Geurtsen, Werner Dr Med Dent, PhD a; Leinenbach, Frank Dr Med Dent b; Krage, Tracey DMD c; Leyhausen, Gabriele Dr rer nat d Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics. 85(5):592-597, May 1998. Germany Long-term cytocompatibility of various endodontic sealers using a new root canal model, Schwarze T, Leyhausen G, Geurtsen W. , Dep.   IgE allergy due to formaldehyde paste during endodontic treatment. Apropos of 4 cases: 2 with anaphylactic shock and 2 with generalized urticaria, Geurtsen, Werner Dr Med Dent, PhD a; Leinenbach, Frank Dr Med Dent b; Krage, Tracey DMD c; Leyhausen, Gabriele Dr rer nat d Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics. 85(5):592-597, May 1998.artment of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, Germany, Journal of Endodontics, 2002 Nov;28(11):749-53 Japan Anaphylaxis due to formaldehyde release from root-canal disinfectant, Kunisada M, Adachi A, Asano H, Horikawa, Contact Dermatitis. 2002 Oct;47(4):215-8 Italy Maxillary bone necrosis following the use of formaldehyde containing paste: management and case series, Br Dent J. 2007 Nov 10 Korea Chemically induced osteomyelitis in the mandible: A case report, Jee YJ, Song HC., Korean Assoc Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Jul;26(4):401-406. Korean Netherlands Formaldehyde in dental materials, Willemsen WL, Siers ML, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen. Norway D. 0RSTAVIK NIOM — Institute of Dental Materials, Kirkeveien 71B, N-1344 Haslum, Norway, Endodontic Materials.Scandinavian Endodontic sealing materials for permanent obturation of root canals are highly variable both in chemistry of setting and in their additives. Conventional materials are based on zinc oxide-eugenol, rosinchloroform, or synthetic resins. These have been extensively tested for biological and technical properties. Most materials are slightly or moderately cytotoxic, and some — notably paraformaldehyde-containing materials — have been associated with clinical complications such as paresthesia of the mental and/or inferior alveolar nerve. Singapore Society of Endodontists Singapore, Guidelines for Root Canal Treatment, Chng Hui Kheng, Chen Nah Nah, Koh Eng Tiong, Ernest Lam Choon Eng, Lim Kian Chong, Sum Chee Peng, The current accepted material is gutta percha with a sealer. Sealers containing formaldehyde are toxic and should not be used (link). Sweden Bengtsson, Ulf, [Dental Materials In Endodontic Praxis. Ed 1.], LiTH-IKP-I-137. 1990. Turkey Gingival necrosis following the use of a paraformaldehyde-containing paste: a case report, M. Özgöz, H. Yaiz, Y. Çiçek, A. Tezel (2004). International Endodontic Journal 37 (2) , 157–161 doi:10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00770.x Turkey Mandibular bone necrosis caused by use of arsenic paste during endodontic treatment: two case reports, Yavuz MS, Kaya GS, Yalçin E, Aras MH., Int Endod J. 2008 Jul;41(7):633-7. Epub 2008 May 12. Turkey *NEW* To report that arsenic pastes are still employed in endodontics and to highlight the potentially serious consequences of their use, M. S. Yavuz, G. Şimşek Kaya, E. Yalçın, M. H. Aras, International Endodontic Journal, Volume 41 Issue 7 Page 633-637, July 2008 Chemotherapeutic agents such as arsenic trioxide and paraformaldehyde were once commonly employed as pulp-necrotizing agents. Indonesia Ardo Sabir. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin University Makassar – Indonesia, Adv Dent Res 2(l):12-24, August, 1988, Root canal overfilling as an influencing factor for the success of endodontic treatment. Brodin et al. described quite a few overfilling cases with N2 or paraformaldehyde containing filling substance which displayed strong neurotoxic activity to generate permanent nerve damages. While several other writers wrote about the appearance of paresthesia of interior alveolaris nerves and a long stinging pain caused by root canal cement with paraformaldehyde. If the root canal filling substance (N2 or paraformaldehyde) makes overfilling, a quickest possible radical measure must be performed (endodontic surgery) to prevent the occurrence of nerve injury, since a nerve damage has no restoring process. Israel Pulpal reactions to glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde pulpotomy dressings in monkey primary teeth SO: Endodontics & Dental Traumatology, Etty Tagger, Michael Tagger, Nairn Sarnat, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chairman, Department of Endodontology, Chairman, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Endodontics & Dental Traumatology, Vol 2, No 6, Pg 237 - 242, 1986, US Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, Clinical Update on Root Canal Disinfection, Robert E Averbach, DDS, Donald J Kleier, DMD, University of Colorado Dental School, May 2006. Historically, to prevent or treat PP dentists have used canal enlargement with hand files, irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, various intracanal medicaments, and canal obturation with gutta-percha and sealer. The removal of microorganisms was considered paramount to a successful long-term result. Practitioners used a variety of phenolic or formaldehyde-based products to reduce microbial growth, but the scientific evidence is convincing that the use of these agents is to be discouraged. These intracanal dressings are tissue irritants and ineffective antibacterial preparations. (link) US *NEW* Anaphylactic Shock during Endodontic Treatment due to Allergy to Formaldehyde in a Root Canal Sealant Journal of Endodontics, Volume 26, Issue 9, [September 2000], Y. Haïkel, J. Braun, H. Zana, A. Boukari, F. de Blay, G. Pauli A 41-yr-old patient experienced an anaphylactic shock reaction caused by formaldehyde in a root canal sealant during endodontic treatment. The clinical events, positive skin tests, and a high level of immunoglobin E to formalin RAST (class 4) suggest the involvement of immunoglobin E-dependent mechanisms toward formaldehyde. This very infrequent observation in endodontic therapy focuses attention on the different pathological manifestations related to formalin, their mechanisms, and the prevention possibilities in dentistry. US *NEUSW* A Microbiologic and Spectrophotometric Investigation of the Use of Paraformaldehyde Powder in the Sterilization of Gutta-Percha Cones, Higgins, J. R., AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH, 1985 US *NEW* Endodontic implications of the maxillary sinus: a review, Journal of Endodontics Research. ...reported a case where N2 had been extruded into the maxillary sinus. The patient complained about severe pain radiating across the trigeminal region. After removal of part of the lateral wall of the sinus and irrigation of the sinus to remove a ball of N2, the area healed and the pain did not return. Block et al . (1980) found 14 C-labelled paraformaldehyde in blood, regional lymph nodes, kidney and liver after insertion of N2 paste into the root canals of dogs’ teeth after instrumentation of the canals 1–1.5 mm short of the radiographic apex. They concluded that paraformaldehyde should not be incorporated in any root canal sealer. The same concern was reflected in the guidelines for root canal treatment of the British Endodontic Society (1983), which stated that cements containing paraformaldehyde, with or without corticosteroids, were unacceptable. The use of these sealers in teeth with roots in close proximity to the sinus is thus strongly contraindicated. US *NEW* Concerning the relative merits of conventional endodontic treatment and the Sargenti method of filling root canals, Harris, W. 1-., (1976)'A'.v Den/. 7., 94, 31-32 (Mar) Paste fillers such as N2 used in a technique called the Sargenti method, as an alternative to conventional endodontic techniqites, have recently been used by an increasing number of dentists. N2 pastes are reported to contain belween 11 and 26.9% lead lelraoxide, 6.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.19.% pheuylmercuric borate. Severe and prolonged pain, paraesthesia. tooth ankylosis atid tissue sloughing to the extent of requiring plasiic surgery, have ocurred when N2 paste was extruded beyond the apices of teeth. N2 paste has been implicated in the death of a Californian woman. Several pieces of paste were recovered from her lungs at an autopsy following her death in a dental office. No United States and few European dental schools teach the Sargeuti method.  Its commercial sale is banned in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. The use of N2 paste as a root canal filling material is contra-indicated. US Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve as the result of root canal therapy, M. Anthony Pogrel, J AM Dent Assoc 2007; 138;65-69 US Painful dysesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve following use of a paraformaldehyde-containing root canal sealer, Donald J. Kleier, Robert E. Averbach (1988), Dental Traumatology 4 (1) , 46–48 doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00293.x US Serious inferior alveolar nerve dysesthesia after endodontic procedure: report of three cases, LaBanc JP, Epker BN, J Am Dent Assoc. 1984 Apr;108(4):605-7 UUSS Studies of Sargenti's technique of endodontic treatment: six-month and one-year responses, Carl W. Newton, DDS, MSD, Sauel S. Patterson, DDS, MSD Abdel H. Kafrawy, BDS, MSD, Journal of Endodontics, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 509-517 (April 1980) US Formaldehyde in dentistry: a review of mutagenic and carcinogenic potential, BB Lewis and SB Chestner, Journal of the American Dental Association, Vol 103, Issue 3, 429-434 US Cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers in permanent 3T3 cells and primary human periodontal ligament fibroblast cultures. Geurtsen, Werner Dr Med Dent, PhD a; Leinenbach, Frank Dr Med Dent b; Krage, Tracey DMD c; Leyhausen, Gabriele Dr rer nat d Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics. 85(5):592-597, May 1998. US Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice, Robert B. Wiggs, Heide B. Lobprise, 1997, pg. 314 US Systemic distribution of N2 paste containing 14C paraformaldehyde following root canal therapy in dogs, Block RM, Lewis RD, Hirsch J, Coffey J, Langeland KOral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 1980 Oct; 50(4):350-60 US Toxicity of endodontic filling materials, Jon E. Dahl, Endodontic Topics 2005, 12, 39-43hl, Endodontic Topics 2005, 12, 39-43.